Knowledge
Knowledge Base

Knowledge Base

Aesthetic knowledge and longevity medicine together — treatments, cell regeneration and long-term health.

Aesthetic Knowledge

Aesthetic knowledge

Devices, injectables and skin repair — how treatments work and what to consider.

M22

M22 Photorejuvenation — The All-Rounder of Medical Aesthetics: One Device for Eight Skin Concerns

The globally proven “skin-problem terminator”, trusted by over a million users — one device for eight major skin concerns.

Ultherapy

Ultherapy PRIME Generation 2: How Deep Remodelling Helps You Look Better

Second-generation Ultherapy PRIME uses deep remodelling to improve contour and skin quality naturally and lastingly.

Scar Repair

Pitted Scars Are Not “Skin Flaws”, but “Permanent Dermal Defects” — We Specialise in Scars Others Cannot Treat

Pitted scars are not a surface pigment problem, but structural collapse in the dermis — they need a precise repair strategy.

Pigmentation

When a Skin Problem Is Judged “Untreatable”, We Are Your Last Answer — Specialising in Rebound Darkening, Nevus of Ota, Café-au-lait Spots and Other Stubborn Pigment Disorders

The last answer for stubborn pigment disorders such as rebound darkening, nevus of Ota and café-au-lait spots.

Injectables

Collagen Stimulator Brands Compared: How to Choose Between Sculptra, AestheFill and Derma Veil

The three regenerative injectables share a similar principle, but differ in composition, particle design and application focus.

Injectables

Botox and Xeomin Botulinum Toxin: Composition, Results and How to Choose

Both are highly purified botulinum toxin type A, but molecular structure and diffusion differ, so each has suitable uses.

Aging

Why Does Collagen Decline? The Science of Regenerative Anti-Ageing

Collagen is the skin’s “steel reinforcement”; elastin is the “spring”. Understanding how they are lost is the key to choosing an effective anti-ageing strategy.

Injectables

Hyaluronic Acid: Benefits, Uses and Differences — From Hydration to Filling in One Read

Hyaluronic acid occurs naturally in the body; 1 gram can carry up to 1,000 times its weight in water. Understanding its benefits and how products differ helps you choose the right treatment.

Injectables

Botulinum Toxin: Mechanism, Results and Side Effects — Wrinkles, Facial Slimming and Sweat Reduction in One Read

Botulinum toxin is a natural neurotoxin that can block neuromuscular signalling. Understanding the principle and side effects is essential for safely improving dynamic lines and contour.

Signature

Thermage FLX: Five Pitfalls and How to Spot Genuine Product — How to Have Thermage Safely

Thermage FLX is fifth-generation Thermage, but the market has many pitfalls. Learn to spot genuine product and avoid traps so that lifting and firming can be both safe and effective.

Skin Care

Wart Removal Compared: Cryotherapy, CO₂ Laser, Electrocautery and 5 Methods in One Read

Warts are caused by HPV infection and are highly contagious. Understanding the principle and suitability of different removal methods helps you choose the most appropriate plan.

Signature

Collagen Guns: Principle and Results — A Non-Invasive Firming and Lifting Option

A collagen gun delivers heat into the dermis via high-frequency radio waves, stimulating collagen production to achieve firming, lifting and softening of fine lines.

Eye Care

Periorbital Skin Care: Why Eye Lines Form and How to Improve Them

The skin around the eyes is the thinnest on the body. Understanding why eye lines form, how to care for them properly and which aesthetic options exist helps protect a youthful eye area.

Injectables

Hyaluronic Acid Skin Boosters Compared: How to Choose Profhilo, Restylane, Belotero and More

Hyaluronic acid skin boosters deliver HA into the dermis by injection, locking in moisture and improving dryness and fine lines. Concentration and technology differ by product.

Men

Laser Beard Reduction: Principle and Benefits — A Men’s Beard-Care Guide

Laser beard reduction uses selective photothermolysis to target melanin in the follicle, destroying growth cells and achieving long-term reduction in beard density.

Injectables

Botox for Facial Slimming and Wrinkle Reduction: Masseter Refinement and Dynamic Lines in One Read

Botox can relax the masseter to refine the jawline, and can also soften dynamic lines. Understanding the principle, results and precautions helps slim the face and reduce wrinkles while keeping a natural expression.

Injectables

REJURAN vs Profhilo vs Juvelook: How to Choose Among Three Hydrating Repair Treatments

REJURAN uses PN to repair the skin’s underlying environment; Profhilo uses high-concentration hyaluronic acid to improve hydration; Juvelook combines PDLLA with hyaluronic acid to support collagen production.

Injectables

Underarm Botox for Sweating: Principle, Time to Results and Downtime

Underarm botulinum toxin modulates the sympathetic nerve’s stimulatory signal to the sweat glands, helping reduce excessive local sweating so that summer days feel drier and more comfortable.

Skin Care

Pore-Refining Aesthetic Treatments: Causes of Enlarged Pores and How to Improve Them

Enlarged pores come from ageing, excess sebum and imbalanced cleansing. Understanding the causes and aesthetic options is the way to improve pores and skin quality effectively.

Wellness

Cryolipolysis vs Heat-Based Fat Reduction: Principle, Results and Suitable Candidates Compared

Cryolipolysis uses low temperature to induce fat-cell apoptosis; heat-based fat reduction targets fat with heat and can also improve skin laxity. Understanding the difference is the way to choose the right contouring treatment.

Signature

Ulthera HIFU Lift: Focused Ultrasound to Reshape Contour

Ulthera HIFU delivers focused ultrasound to the dermis and fascial layer, tightening the fascia and stimulating collagen regeneration, with a noticeable effect on contour lifting.

Injectables

REJURAN Skin Booster: Decoding PN Deep-Skin Repair

REJURAN uses PDRN and PN ingredients that reach skin cells, repair damaged tissue and stimulate collagen synthesis — often called “the Hermès of skin boosters”.

Injectables

Collagen Stimulators Compared: Ellansé, Sculptra, Derma Veil and More

Ellansé, Sculptra, Derma Veil and other regenerative injectables share a similar principle but differ in composition; understanding each product’s features is the way to choose correctly.

Wellness

Fat-Dissolving Injections Compared: Principles and Results of Belkyra and Other Lipolytic Injectables

Fat-dissolving injections are a non-surgical option for improving local fat deposits. Understanding the principle and side effects of different products is the way to choose correctly.

Skin Care

Sensitive-Skin Repair: From Causes to Gentle Care

Sensitive skin readily develops redness, dryness and inflammation with environmental change. Understanding the causes and gentle repair methods helps stabilise the skin.

Injectables

Hyaluronidase: A Way to “Reverse” Hyaluronic Acid Filler Results

Hyaluronidase can precisely hydrolyse hyaluronic acid, and is used to correct overfilling, nodules or vascular occlusion.

Injectables

Lip Filler Complete Guide: Aesthetic Standards, Face-Shape Matching and Risks

Lip filler can instantly increase attractiveness, but success depends on aesthetic sense, the doctor’s experience and a product that suits you — all three together.

Signature

Clear & Brilliant Fractional Laser: The Shortest-Downtime Option for Skin Renewal

Clear & Brilliant is an improved, upgraded version of Fraxel laser, retaining results while substantially reducing discomfort and downtime, and is especially suited to Asian skin.

Wellness

Double Chin Causes and Improvement: From Daily Habits to Fat-Dissolving Injections

The causes of a double chin are varied, from genetics and body weight to posture. Understanding the cause and improvement methods is the way to refine the chin line effectively.

Injectables

Thread-Nose Failure Risks and Sequelae: Must-Read Before Treatment

A thread nose uses threads as a scaffold to shape the nose, but carries risks such as thread migration, extrusion and infection. Thorough communication with the doctor beforehand is essential.

Longevity Medicine

Longevity medicine

Stem cells and regenerative medicine as a starting point. Educational only — plans need clinical assessment.

Longevity

Ordinary Anti-Ageing Only Makes You Look Younger — Cellular Anti-Ageing Makes Your Cells Younger

WHO defines ageing as fewer cells and lower cell activity. Surface anti-ageing makes you look younger; cellular anti-ageing starts with stem cells and immune cells.

Cells

Repair Starts with a Healthy Cell

The cell is the basic unit of life. Recovery from disease is, at root, repairing and replacing aged, damaged or diseased cells.

Cartilage

One Month to “Revive” Injured Cartilage: NSR Stem-Cell Assembly May Help End Joint Wear

Damaged cartilage barely regenerates. National Science Review reports an injectable 3D stem-cell assembly that may approach full structural recovery in one month.

Clinical Trials

Nature Medicine: Four Cell Therapies Among Trials That Will Shape Medicine in 2026

Of 11 pivotal trials chosen by Nature Medicine, four involve cells or stem cells. Cell therapy is moving from strong concept towards harder evidence.

Healthspan

The Real Point of Stem-Cell Care Is Not “Turning Back the Clock” — It Is Winning Back Ten Healthy Years

True longevity is more than a number. The core value of stem cells is extending healthspan and delaying disability.

Fertility

Stem-Cell Therapy Is Helping Families Reclaim a Path to Fertility

Poor ovarian response, premature ovarian failure, endometrial injury, PCOS and male infertility — stem-cell research is changing some fertility outcomes.

Diabetes

Umbilical-Cord MSC Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes: From Passive Glucose Control to Active Intervention

Umbilical-cord MSCs may act through insulin resistance and immune modulation — moving type 2 diabetes care from passive glucose control towards active intervention.

T Cells

Cell Research: A Chinese Academy Team Chemically Reprograms Human T Cells into Pluripotent Stem Cells

Deng Hongkui’s team used small molecules to turn human T cells into pluripotent stem cells that can be redifferentiated into young, cancer-specific T cells.

Exosomes

Stem-Cell Exosomes plus Laser or Microneedling: Quantifiable Gains in Scars, Pigment and Skin Quality

A systematic review of six human studies: exosomes plus fractional laser or microneedling already show quantifiable signals in scars, wrinkles, elasticity and pigment.

Immune Storage

Store Immune Cells While Young and Healthy — A Health Policy for the Future

Immunity peaks around 20 and falls after 40. Storing your own immune cells while healthy locks in a usable cell resource for later.

Anti-inflammatory

Stem Cells in Three Parts: Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Ageing, Anti-Disease

Stem cells act on inflammation, ageing and disease together. A five-year prospective study hints at long-term health potential.

Ageing Hallmarks

Hallmarks of Human Ageing: Immune-Cell Senescence and Stem-Cell Exhaustion

A Cell review lists twelve hallmarks of ageing. Those closest to cells are senescence, stem-cell exhaustion and altered communication; senescent immune cells speed up whole-body ageing.

CIK

CIK Therapy Two Weeks after ASCT in High-Risk Lymphoma: 2-Year PFS of 79.8%

A Korean prospective study timed CIK infusion about two weeks after autologous transplant as post-remission consolidation; 2-year PFS reached 79.8%.

Vessels

Stem-Cell Therapy to Repair Damaged Vessels: New Hope for Atherosclerosis

A Jinhua Hospital (Zhejiang University) review maps 2023–2025 progress in stem-cell therapy for atherosclerosis — mechanisms, early trials and targeted delivery.

MSC + Exosomes

A New Anti-Ageing Strategy: Stem Cells plus Exosomes for a 1+1>2 Effect

A PUMC review proposes combining MSCs with their exosomes: exosomes clear the way, stem cells rebuild — a synergistic anti-ageing strategy.

Longevity Medicine

Progress in Longevity Medicine: Measuring Ageing, Then Intervening with Science

Longevity medicine is moving from storytelling to what can be measured, followed and verified — an evidence loop of test, assess, intervene and track.

NK Cells

One Stem Cell to 14 Million Tumour-Killing NK Cells?

Wang Jinyong’s team at CAS: iNK / CAR-iNK grown from cord-blood CD34+ haematopoietic progenitors — one cell theoretically yielding 14 million induced NK cells.

Future Hospital

Future Hospitals: When Functional Medicine Meets Longevity Medicine

Functional medicine reconstructs individual health; longevity medicine faces ageing itself. Together they point to hospitals as centres of lifelong health management, not only of disease.

Stanford

Stanford: Can Science Slow Ageing?

Stanford geneticist Anne Brunet on what ageing is, why it seeds many diseases, what lifestyle can change, and what “reversing” ageing can honestly mean.

Healthspan

Extending Lifespan Alone Is No Longer Enough — The Question Is Healthspan

From treating disease to managing ageing: the shift is from one-off projects to data-driven, lifelong care that lengthens healthspan — years lived in good function.

Functional Medicine

Functional Medicine: A New Medical Mindset for Longer Healthspan

Root-cause first: metabolomics, the microbiome, hormones and oxidative stress — five mechanisms that connect functional medicine to healthy longevity.

Cell

Cell: Stem-Cell Exhaustion Is a Core Factor in Human Ageing

A Cell review expands the hallmarks of ageing to 14. Three of the most cell-relevant are stem-cell exhaustion, inflammaging and metabolic failure — the logic of stem-cell therapy runs through all three.

Recovery

Slow Recovery, Slow Healing? It May Not Be Age

After forty, nights cost more and cuts close slower. What often decides that is recovery capacity — deep sleep, low-grade inflammation, mitochondrial energy and microcirculation — not the birthday.

Longevity Tech

Ageing as a “Disease”: What Longevity Technology Is For

A Stanford analysis: a “younger” brain and immune system track much lower death risk. Longevity medicine treats neuro-immune-endocrine tone, the gut, environment and early body signals as things you can measure and manage.

Cell Therapy

A Paradigm Shift in Longevity Medicine: Cell Therapy and a New Era of Health Management

Life expectancy keeps rising worldwide even as populations age. The longevity pyramid runs from measurement and lifestyle up to gene editing and stem cells — infusion as a way to restock regenerative cells and ease frailty and inflammation.

Four Medicines

Clinical, Functional, Regenerative and Longevity Medicine: How the Four Differ

They are not four equals on one shelf. The sequence is treat disease → rebalance function → repair tissue → slow ageing — different stage, goal and logic.

NAD+

Can Ageing Be Quantified? The Biology Behind the NAD+ Decline Story

Whole-blood NAD+ does not fall in a straight line with age. The drop that matters may sit in tissues such as the heart, where it uncouples the cardiomyocyte clock. One blood number cannot carry the whole anti-ageing story.

Healthspan

Less “Anti-Ageing”, More Healthspan

Centenarians tend to meet heart disease, cancer and dementia decades later. What scientists want to stretch is years of independence — sleep, movement, social life, food, plus preventive and longevity medicine.

Gut–Heart

The Quiet Vascular Risk: Gut Dysbiosis and the Heart

Fewer SCFA-producers and more TMAO are among the threads tying the gut to hypertension and atherosclerosis. Faecal microbiota transplant remains investigational — not a substitute for standard heart care.

SuperAgers

New Neurons at 80: How Far Is a Younger Brain?

A 2026 Nature single-cell study: the human hippocampus can still make neurons late in life. SuperAgers carry about twice the immature neurons of typical peers — a resilience signature, not the textbook story of a brain that only loses cells.